uv-package-manager

SKILL.md 节选

# UV Package Manager

Comprehensive guide to using uv, an extremely fast Python package installer and resolver written in Rust, for modern Python project management and dependency workflows.

## When to Use This Skill

- Setting up new Python projects quickly
- Managing Python dependencies faster than pip
- Creating and managing virtual environments
- Installing Python interpreters
- Resolving dependency conflicts efficiently
- Migrating from pip/pip-tools/poetry
- Speeding up CI/CD pipelines
- Managing monorepo Python projects
- Working with lockfiles for reproducible builds
- Optimizing Docker builds with Python dependencies

## Core Concepts

### 1. What is uv?
- **Ultra-fast package installer**: 10-100x faster than pip
- **Written in Rust**: Leverages Rust's performance
- **Drop-in pip replacement**: Compatible with pip workflows
- **Virtual environment manager**: Create and manage venvs
- **Python installer**: Download and manage Python versions
- **Resolver**: Advanced dependency resolution
- **Lockfile support**: Reproducible installations

### 2. Key Features
- Blazing fast installation speeds
- Disk space efficient with global cache
- Compatible with pip, pip-tools, poetry
- Comprehensive dependency resolution
- Cross-platform support (Linux, macOS, Windows)
- No Python required for installation
- Built-in virtual environment support

### 3. UV vs Traditional Tools
- **vs pip**: 10-100x faster, better resolver
- **vs pip-tools**: Faster, simpler, better UX
- **vs poetry**: Faster, less opinionated, lighter
- **vs conda**: Faster, Python-focused

## Installation

### Quick Install

```bash
# macOS/Linux
curl -LsSf https://astral.sh/uv/install.sh | sh

# Windows (PowerShell)
powershell -c "irm https://astral.sh/uv/install.ps1 | iex"

# Using pip (if you already have Python)
pip install uv

# Using Homebrew (macOS)
brew install uv

# Using cargo (if you have Rust)
cargo install --git https://github.com/astral-sh/uv uv
```

### Verify Installation

```bash
uv --version
# uv 0.x.x
```

## Quick Start

### Create a New Project

```bash
# Create new project with virtual environment
uv init my-project
cd my-project

# Or create in current directory
uv init .

# Initialize creates:
# - .python-version (Python version)
# - pyproject.toml (project config)
# - README.md
# - .gitignore
```

### Install Dependencies

```bash
# Install packages (creates venv if needed)
uv add requests pandas

# Install dev dependencies
uv add --dev pytest black ruff

# Install from requirements.txt
uv pip install -r requirements.txt

# Install from pyproject.toml
uv sync
```

## Virtual Environment Management

### Pattern 1: Creating Virtual Environments

```bash
# Create virtual environment with uv
uv venv

# Create with specific Python version
uv venv --python 3.12

# Create with custom name
uv venv my-env

# Create with system site packages
uv venv --system-site-packages

# Specify location
uv venv /path/to/venv
```

### Pattern 2: Activating Virtual Environments

```bash
# Linux/macOS
source .venv/bin/activate

# Windows (Command Prompt)
.venv\Scripts\activate.bat

# Windows (PowerShell)
.venv\Scripts\Activate.ps1

# Or use uv run (no activation needed)
uv run python script.py
uv run pytest
```

### Pattern 3: Using uv run

```bash
# Run Python script (auto-activates venv)
uv run python app.py

# Run installed CLI tool
uv run black .
uv run pytest

# Run with specific Python version
uv run --python 3.11 python script.py

# Pass arguments
uv run python script.py --arg value
```

## Package Management

### Pattern 4: Adding Dependencies

```bash
# Add package (adds to pyproject.toml)
uv add requests

# Add with version constraint
uv add "django>=4.0,<5.0"

# Add multiple packages
uv add numpy pandas matplotlib

# Add dev dependency
uv add --dev pytest pytest-cov

# Add optional dependency group
uv add --optional docs sphinx

# Add from git
uv add git+https://github.com/user/repo.git

# Add from git with specific ref
uv add git+https://github.com/user/repo.git@v1.0.0

# Add from local path
uv add ./local-package

# Add editable local package

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